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Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates

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See also: Help:Introduction to referencing and Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates

Here's a popular reference method which doesn't use templates so it speeds loading time. Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference:

<ref>author, [article_link "article_name"], ''publisher'', publication_date. Retrieved retrieved_date.</ref>

Put information between the reference markers. Copy and paste the author's name. Paste the publication name inside the apostrophes so it's italicized. Paste the publication date. Inside the brackets [] paste the url first with the article title to the right, and put both url and title inside the brackets. Remember to leave a blank space between url and title. For example, in editing mode if you type this

This is the fact we're trying to reference about inflation being unlikely in 2010.<ref>Patricia Sabatini,[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09289/1005873-28.stm "Inflation unlikely to be a threat as economy emerges from recession"], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', October 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-21.</ref>

You get this:

This is the fact we're trying to reference about inflation being unlikely in 2010.[1]

The reference appears in the "references" section automatically:

  1. ^ Patricia Sabatini, "Inflation unlikely to be a threat as economy emerges from recession", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-21.

The Retrieved date is when you fetched the reference; the publication date is when the article was published. The url is the line like ''http://www.etc''; copy and paste the url in if available since it makes it easy for checking references. You can also put in the ISBN, co-author names, page numbers and such; see citing sources.

That's it! You're done. When editing, you'll see your reference next to the text; but after saving, readers will only see a reference number there; your reference should appear below. Good luck!

If you get a warning about a missing "References" section at the end of the page, just add it:

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Experiment on sandbox pages or your user talk page.

Remember many referencing styles are possible. Some editors prefer alternatives (see below). When possible, use the style others prefer. See Citing sources for further discussion.

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Wikipedia referencing
Policies and guidelines
  • Verifiability
  • No original research
  • Biographies of living persons
  • Reliable sources
    • Medicine
  • Citing sources
  • Scientific citations
General advice
  • Citation needed
  • Find sources
  • Combining sources
  • Offline sources
  • Referencing styles
Citing sources
  • Citation Style 1
  • Citation Style 2
  • Citation Style Vancouver
  • LSA
  • Comics
  • Citation templates
  • Reflist template
Inline citations
  • Footnotes
  • Punctuation and footnotes
  • Shortened footnotes
  • Nesting footnotes
Help for beginners
  • Reference-tags
  • Citations quick reference
  • Introduction to referencing
  • Referencing with citation templates
  • Referencing without using templates
  • Referencing dos and don'ts
  • Citing Wikipedia
Advanced help
  • Cite link labels
  • Citation tools
  • Cite errors
  • Cite messages
  • Converting between references formats
  • Reference display customization
  • References and page numbers
  • Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
Template documentation
  • {{Edit refs}}
  • {{Refref}}
  • {{Refref2}}
  • {{Refstart}}
Tools
  • Wikipedia Library
Deprecated
  • Parenthetical referencing
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